Expression of Salivary Interleukin 17A in Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Background: A wide range of cytokines contribute significantly to the development and progression of numerous inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes, psoriasis, arthritis, and periodontal disease. Diabetes and periodontitis have been linked to elevated serum interleukin IL-17A, concentrations. This study will look at the levels of salivary interleukin 17A in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), type 2 diabetes, and healthy controls.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine (IP&DM), Khyber Medical University (KMU) Peshawar and in the periodontology department of Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat among 96 individuals of 30-to-50-year age group including both male & female. After obtaining informed consent and completing the questionnaire, periodontal assessments including periodontal index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL)—were recorded to evaluate the presence and severity of periodontal disease. Blood sugar levels were assessed for known diabetic patients. Saliva was collected using resting drooling method. ELISA was done for IL-17A using standard kits.

Result: Mean and standard deviation values of salivary IL-17A concentrations observed in Non-diabetic CP were 8.854±0.975 (pg/ml), in diabetic CP group were 9.815± 1.094(pg/ml), in periodontal healthy group were 3.878± 0.9090(pg/ml). Concentration of salivary IL-17A for moderate and poor oral health statuses in diabetics CP are 8.96(pg/ml) and 10.43(pg/ml) respectively. Whereas in non-diabetics CP the concentration of IL-17A levels for moderate and poor oral hygiene cases were 8.62 & 10.02(pg/ml) respectively.   The mean values in the healthy control (diabetics and non-diabetics non-CP) observed were 3.18(pg/ml) and 4.07(pg/ml) respectively. A P value of 0.001 was observed, signifying that the alterations in mean IL-17A levels are statistically significant when associated within each group. The mean concentration observed in both diabetic and non-diabetic CP was higher than the healthy control non-CP.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this investigation, it may be concluded that elevated levels of IL-17A in the saliva of people suffering from untreated chronic periodontitis may function as a suggestive noninvasive biomarker for periodontal disease. Salivary IL-17A levels were highly related with periodontitis. This finding highlights the potential for salivary IL-17alpha to be used as a diagnostic marker, offering a non-invasive way to gauge the severity of periodontal diseases